gptboot rewrite, bootonce, etc.

Hi.

My company was in need for functionality similar to nextboot(8), but on
boot loader level, so we can have two partitions we boot from where one
is known to be good and the other is used for upgrades. We upgrade by
dd(1)ing entire partition image onto unused partition, we mark it as
try-to-boot-from-it-but-only-once, reboot and if we fail to boot from
the new partition, we fall back to the old, good partition. If we
succeed on the other hand, we mark the new partition as our boot
partition and mark the other one as unused.

Well, how hard can it be?

After around two weeks of work, I ended up rewriting gptboot in large
parts, reorganizing a lot of code, improving and extending gpart a bit
and implementing desire functionality.

Here is the patch for review and test:

	http://people.freebsd.org/~pjd/patches/gptboot.patch

The list of changes:

- Split code shared by almost any boot loader into separate files and
  clean up most layering violations:

	sys/boot/i386/common/rbx.h:

		RBX_* defines
		OPT_SET()
		OPT_CHECK()

	sys/boot/common/util.[ch]:

		memcpy()
		memset()
		memcmp()
		bcpy()
		bzero()
		bcmp()
		strcmp()
		strncmp() [new]
		strcpy()
		strcat()
		strchr()
		strlen()
		printf()

	sys/boot/i386/common/cons.[ch]:

		ioctrl
		putc()
		xputc()
		putchar()
		getc()
		xgetc()
		keyhit() [now takes number of seconds as an argument]
		getstr()

	sys/boot/i386/common/drv.[ch]:

		struct dsk
		drvread()
		drvwrite() [new]
		drvsize() [new]

	sys/boot/common/crc32.[ch] [new]

	sys/boot/common/gpt.[ch] [new]

- Teach gptboot and gptzfsboot about new files. I haven't touched the
  rest, but there is still a lot of code duplication to be removed.

- Implement full GPT support. Currently we just read primary header and
  partition table and don't care about checksums, etc. With the patch we
  verify checksums of primary header and primary partition table and if
  there is a problem we fall back to backup header and backup partition
  table.

- Clean up most messages to use prefix of boot program, so in case of an
  error we know where the error comes from, eg.:

	gptboot: unable to read primary GPT header

- If we can't boot, print boot prompt only once and not every five
  seconds.

- Introduce three new GPT attributes:

	bootme - this is bootable partition
	bootonce - try to boot from this partition only once
	bootfailed - we failed to boot from this partition

- Extend gpart to allow to manipulate new attributes:

	gpart set -a bootme -i 3 ada0
	gpart set -a bootonce -i 4 ada0
	gpart unset -a bootfailed -i 2 ada0

  Note, that setting 'bootonce' attribute automatically sets 'bootme'
  attribute.

- Change boot order of gptboot to the following:

	1. Try to boot from all the partitions that have both 'bootme'
	   and 'bootonce' attributes one by one.
	2. Try to boot from all the partitions that have only 'bootme'
	   attribute one by one.
	3. If there are no partitions with 'bootme' attribute, boot from
	   the first UFS partition.

- The 'bootonce' functionality is implemented in the following way:

	1. Walk through all the partitions and when 'bootonce'
	   attribute is found without 'bootme' attribute, remove
	   'bootonce' attribute and set 'bootfailed' attribute.
	   'bootonce' attribute alone means that we tried to boot from
	   this partition, but boot failed after leaving gptboot and
	   machine was restarted.
	2. Find partition with both 'bootme' and 'bootonce' attributes.
	3. Remove 'bootme' attribute.
	4. Try to execute /boot/loader or /boot/kernel/kernel from that
	   partition. If succeeded we stop here.
	5. If execution failed, remove 'bootonce' and set 'bootfailed'.
	6. Go to 2.

   If whole boot succeeded there is new /etc/rc.d/gptboot script that
   will log all partitions that we failed to boot from (the ones with
   'bootfailed' attribute) and will remove this attribute. It will also
   find partition with 'bootonce' attribute - this is the partition we
   booted from successfully. The script will log success and remove the
   attribute.

   All the GPT updates we do here goes to both primary and backup GPT if
   they are valid. We don't touch headers or partition tables when
   checksum doesn't match.

Any comments or suggestions? Be aware that at this point I'm soo full of
boot loaders and I'm not looking for much more work in this area, so
small tweaks are fine, but bigger things will have to wait until I can
sleep at nights again. Well, there is still dedup support that waits to
be implemented in gptzfsboot...

-- 
Pawel Jakub Dawidek                       http://www.wheelsystems.com
pjd_at_FreeBSD.org                           http://www.FreeBSD.org
FreeBSD committer                         Am I Evil? Yes, I Am!