On 2018-Mar-17, at 2:38 AM, O. Hartmann <ohartmann at walstatt.org> wrote: . . . > last pid: 16958; load averages: 0.10, 0.21, > 0.16 > up 6+08:57:07 10:34:01 19 processes: 1 running, 18 sleeping CPU: 0.3% user, 0.0% > nice, 0.5% system, 0.0% interrupt, 99.2% idle Mem: 27M Active, 1504K Inact, 96M > Laundry, 188M Wired, 1900K Buf, 664M Free Swap: 7808M Total, 4204K Used, 7804M Free > > PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE C TIME WCPU COMMAND > 997 asterisk 59 52 0 133M 61220K select 0 278:59 2.69% asterisk > 16958 root 1 20 0 13308K 3448K CPU2 2 0:00 0.14% top > 579 root 1 20 0 15252K 3116K select 1 35:01 0.07% ppp > 933 root 1 20 0 10892K 1688K select 0 1:38 0.02% powerd > 1038 root 1 20 0 11400K 764K nanslp 1 0:03 0.02% cron > 930 root 1 20 0 18200K 18280K select 0 0:47 0.01% ntpd > 1005 root 1 20 0 14772K 4516K bpf 3 0:13 0.00% arpwatch > 834 root 1 20 0 11364K 1992K select 1 4:46 0.00% syslogd > 847 bind 7 52 0 59528K 30600K sigwai 2 1:30 0.00% named > 989 root 1 20 0 32264K 1716K nanslp 2 0:20 0.00% perl > 863 daemon 1 20 0 11388K 1944K select 1 0:01 0.00% rpcbind > 872 root 1 20 0 11096K 1840K autofs 2 0:01 0.00% automountd > 975 root 1 20 0 14548K 0K nanslp 3 0:00 0.00% <smartd> > 968 dhcpd 1 20 0 22972K 7648K select 0 0:00 0.00% dhcpd > 878 root 1 20 0 10988K 0K kqread 1 0:00 0.00% <autounmountd> > 13271 root 1 20 0 12104K 3128K wait 1 0:00 0.00% login > 16955 root 1 26 0 13204K 4080K pause 3 0:00 0.00% csh > 1034 root 1 20 0 18340K 3976K select 0 0:00 0.00% sshd > 1084 root 1 52 0 10928K 1724K ttyin 2 0:00 0.00% getty I'll note that top was a -w that reports: -w Display approximate swap usage for each process. It can also sort the list by swap usage and can show more processes (In case they are the primary users of the sswap space.) Something like: top -CawSoswap might show interesting information about what is using swap space. Going in another direction. . . With only 1 GiByte of RAM and well over 7 GiByte of swap (7808M), I wonder if your boot reports something like: warning: total configured swap (??? pages) exceeds maximum recommended amount (??? pages). If so, then quoting "man 8 loader" and its kern.maxswzone material, Note that swap metadata can be fragmented, which means that the system can run out of space before it reaches the theoretical limit. Therefore, care should be taken to not configure more swap than approximately half of the theoretical maximum. is what that warning is about: Looking at the swapon_check_swzone code the warning is reporting the "half" figure as "recommended", not reporting the theoretical maximum. So, translating: "care should be taken to not configure more swap than" the reported maximum recommended amount. (If I understand correctly.) [These notes are from an older message for a different context.] I'll note that an RPI2 V1.1 and a RPI3, both with 1 GiByte of RAM, get very different recommended figures (the text is copied from an 2017-Dec-06 message that was probably for running what at the time was a somwh,a old kernel, not a then-recent boot): rpi2: . . . exceeds maximum recommended amount (411488 pages). rpi3: . . . exceeds maximum recommended amount (925680 pages). Pages are 4 KiBytes. Even the larger figure (RPI3) ends up with only 925680*4KiBytes*(1MiByte/1024KiByte) == 3615.9375 MiByte recommended. In other words: far less than 7808M. But your machine may well have a larger recommendation. === Mark Millard marklmi at yahoo.com ( dsl-only.net went away in early 2018-Mar)Received on Sat Mar 17 2018 - 15:51:45 UTC
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